Moreover, the layout of the old city centre can still be detected in some of the ancient street names and in the Fleete (canals), which connect the Alster with the docks on the Elbe. There are, however, a few scattered survivals of older buildings. Fire has destroyed almost all the older residences and warehouses, and what was left untouched by conflagration has often been rebuilt for contemporary purposes. Within this core there are few great buildings to remind the visitor of the city’s thousand-year history apart from the five principal churches-Sankt Jacobi, Sankt Petri, Sankt Katharinen, Sankt Nikolai, and Sankt Michaelis-and none of these is in its original condition. The nucleus of the city is the Altstadt (Old Town), the former medieval settlement, bounded by the harbour and by a string of roads that follow the line of the old fortifications. Two other rivers flow into the Elbe at Hamburg-the Alster from the north and the Bille from the east. To the southeast of the old city, the Elbe divides itself into two branches, the Norderelbe and the Süderelbe, but these branches meet again opposite Altona, just west of the old city, to form the Unterelbe, which flows into the North Sea some 65 miles downstream from Hamburg. Hamburg stands at the northern extremity of the lower Elbe valley, which at that point is between 5 and 8 miles (8 and 13 km) wide. Where on Earth is That? Physical and human geography The landscape Site Although it was badly damaged during World War II, Hamburg has succeeded in maintaining a sense of old-world grace alongside its thriving commercial life. These are among the attractions that have contributed to a growing tourist industry.
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Not surprisingly, its harbour has remained the city’s most important feature.Īmong Hamburg’s many other facets are a network of canals reminiscent of Amsterdam lakes, parks, and verdant suburbs full of gracious houses elegant shopping arcades richly endowed museums and a vibrant cultural life. Shipping and trade have been Hamburg’s lifeblood for centuries. The city has dealings with a large number of nations, and it has more consulates than any other city in the world, except New York City.
Although comparatively few foreigners live there, many pass through it. Hamburg, nonetheless, is a cosmopolitan city in its outlook. The characteristic individuality of Hamburg has been proudly maintained by its people so that, in many spheres of public and private life, the city’s culture has retained its uniqueness and has not succumbed to the general trend of standardization. Hamburg and Bremen (the smallest of the Länder) are, in fact, the only German city-states that still keep something of their medieval independence. The official name, which covers both the Land and the town, reflects Hamburg’s long tradition of particularism and self-government. It is also the most populous city in Germany after Berlin and has one of the largest and busiest ports in Europe.
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The Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt) of Hamburg is the second smallest of the 16 Länder of Germany, with a territory of only 292 square miles (755 square km).
It is the country’s largest port and commercial centre. Hamburg, city and Land (state), located on the Elbe River in northern Germany.
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